{"id":10514,"date":"2019-03-04T12:35:10","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T10:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/?p=10514"},"modified":"2019-03-04T12:36:17","modified_gmt":"2019-03-04T10:36:17","slug":"children-are-the-first-to-pay-for-our-wars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/2019\/03\/children-are-the-first-to-pay-for-our-wars\/","title":{"rendered":"Children are the first to pay for our wars"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field field-name-body-summary field-type-ds field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.qantara.de\/content\/interview-with-lebanese-film-director-nadine-labaki-children-are-the-first-to-pay-for-our\">Qantara<\/a> &#8211; In &#8220;Capernaum&#8221;, Nadine Labaki tells the dismal story of Zain, a boy living on the streets of Beirut. She calls the system behind it &#8220;modern slavery&#8221;. Paul Katzenberger spoke to the Lebanese director.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"content-body clearfix\">\n<p><i>In your view, was it right for Zain to be born?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Nadine Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0By all means, yes. He is among the 25 percent of the children who manage to break out of the vicious circle of neglect, abuse, lack of affection and physical violence. Numerous studies have shown that 75 percent of children who are subjected to such abuse turn to crime or slide into drug addiction. Only a quarter manage to create a life worth living for themselves: Zain is part of that minority.<\/p>\n<p><i>And what about the 75 percent of children who can\u02b9t escape the vicious circle?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0There is a justification for every new life. But the question is: does anyone have a right to behave so irresponsibly towards children? My film addresses the whole system that has let these children down. I\u02b9m looking at fundamental questions.<\/p>\n<p><i>What questions are those?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0Why do we automatically give adults the absolute right to have children, but we don\u02b9t give children the absolute right to a life which at the very least fulfils their basic needs? For me, children\u02b9s rights are just as non-negotiable as parents\u02b9 rights. But in my view, there is an extreme imbalance.<\/p>\n<p><i>You mean between the powerlessness of children and the ability of adults to make decisions and act on them?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/maf0AbL3uEw\" width=\"680\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0Right. I\u02b9ve talked to a lot of children and seen their anger. They told me about extreme cases of neglect and abuse. And then, when I asked them if they were happy to be alive, 99 percent of them said they would rather be dead than unloved, mistreated and raped. Some of them had internalised the constant violation to such an extent that they described themselves as a &#8220;piece of shit&#8221;, a &#8220;parasite&#8221; or a &#8220;blow-fly&#8221;. And it\u02b9s no wonder: they\u02b9ve never been told that they had any value.<\/p>\n<p><i>So these children are no longer even conscious of their identity?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:\u00a0<\/b>Or at least, the knowledge of their own self is buried very deep. When you ask how old they are, for example, most of them don\u02b9t know. They say &#8220;almost twelve&#8221; or something like that. They don\u02b9t have a birth certificate; even their parents don\u02b9t know the exact date and fob them off with approximate information. They say things like: &#8220;It was raining when you were born,&#8221; or: &#8220;you were born during Ramadan.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><i>The woman on whom you based the character of Zain\u02b9s mother Souad gave birth to 16 children. Could the solution lie with better birth control?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0The culture of bringing a lot of children into the world is certainly part of the problem, but we can\u02b9t generalise. You have to look at each individual case: there are women who can bring up 20 children with a lot of love. There are well-to-do mothers who don\u02b9t have sufficient empathy for a single child. And there are also parents for whom the precarious financial situation and the lack of love for their own children leads to exploitation and abuse: they send their children out begging on the streets because they think the pity that people feel for them will earn more money than the parents could themselves.<\/p>\n<div class=\"media media-element-container media-small media-wysiwyg-align-left\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"media-element file-small\" title=\"Film poster of &quot;Capernaum&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/en.qantara.de\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/editor_small\/public\/uploads\/2019-03\/capernaum.jpg?itok=DNpXsGhV\" alt=\"Film poster of &quot;Capernaum&quot;\" width=\"365\" height=\"538\" data-delta=\"2\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"field field-name-field-file-image-caption-text field-type-text field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">Harsh social criticism: Lebanese film director pulls no punches in her new film &#8220;Capernaum \u2013 City of Hope&#8221;. In it she tells of the street boy Zain, who sues his parents because they gave birth to him without really being able to feed him. Through this unlikely fiction, Labaki attempts to describe the situation of neglected children in her home country<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><i>In Lebanon there is racism, an absence of basic rights for migrant workers and child labour. But the human rights situation is much better than it is in other countries in the Middle East. Is Lebanon a better country than you portray it as in your film?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0I\u02b9m afraid the reality there is harder and more even more unbearable than what is described in &#8220;Capernaum&#8221;. Lebanon has, of course, also set an example of humanity, by taking in more than two million refugees despite its economic and political problems. There are idealists who welcome the Syrian refugees, but at the same time there is also a system of corruption in which politicians with influence and various other people want to make money out of the stream of refugees.<\/p>\n<p>This confusion has led to real chaos. That\u02b9s why I called the film &#8220;Capernaum&#8221;. In French, it stands for disorder and confusion \u2013 a place where things are just piled up willy-nilly. In Lebanon, racism often rules; modern forms of slavery exist, girls are married off when they\u02b9re still children \u2013 and that\u02b9s certainly not an exhaustive list of the social ills there.<\/p>\n<p><i>Are the problems you show in your film down to the specific situation in Lebanon?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0No, they exist all over the world, to different extents of course. You find poverty everywhere, from Los Angeles to Munich. Every society excludes people and would ideally like to make them invisible. Whether it\u02b9s in Ethiopia, India, Brazil or Syria: the children are the first to pay for our wars and conflicts. It was my aim to give them a voice through my film.<\/p>\n<p><i>The character of Zain is very specific, though. The child of Syrian refugees in Lebanon.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Labaki:<\/i>\u00a0Yes, but he stands for a lot of children. I wanted to know what a boy would say who spends the night on the curb and doesn\u02b9t get a wink of sleep because it\u02b9s far too uncomfortable. What would Alan Kurdi say, the little boy who drowned, whose image taken on the beach in Bodrum was seen around the world? What would the children say who are taken from their parents on the border between the USA and Mexico?<\/p>\n<p><i>You also show children being separated from their parents, as they are in the USA, in your film. Is that really what the authorities do in Lebanon?<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Labaki:<\/b>\u00a0If they\u02b9re discovered, then yes. Migrant workers don\u02b9t have any right to have children with them in Lebanon. Even so, some still manage to live as a family, but it\u02b9s illegal. If they get caught, then either they and their children will be sent back to their home countries, like Ethiopia, or the children will be deported without the parents. That happens every day and it\u02b9s part of the corrupt sponsorship system in Lebanon, in which employees practically belong to other people. The sponsor can dictate everything: that these people have to live in his house, and not enter into relationships or have children. It\u02b9s modern slavery.<\/p>\n<p><i>Interview conducted by Paul Katzenberger<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>\u00a9 Suddeutsche Zeitung 2019<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Translated from the German by Ruth Martin<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"node-article-full-group-toolbar\" class=\" group-toolbar field-group-div\">\n<div id=\"block-shariff-shariff-block\" class=\"block block-shariff block-shariff-block block-shariff-shariff-block odd block-without-title\">\n<div class=\"block-inner clearfix\">\n<div class=\"content clearfix\">\n<div class=\"shariff\" data-services=\"[&quot;facebook&quot;,&quot;twitter&quot;,&quot;googleplus&quot;,&quot;reddit&quot;,&quot;linkedin&quot;,&quot;xing&quot;,&quot;whatsapp&quot;,&quot;tumblr&quot;]\" data-theme=\"colored\" data-orientation=\"horizontal\" data-backend-url=\"https:\/\/en.qantara.de\/sites\/all\/libraries\/shariff-backend\" data-lang=\"en\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"block-shariff-shariff-block--2\" class=\"block block-shariff block-shariff-block block-shariff-shariff-block--2 odd block-without-title\">\n<div class=\"block-inner clearfix\">\n<div class=\"content clearfix\">\n<div class=\"shariff\" data-services=\"[&quot;facebook&quot;,&quot;twitter&quot;,&quot;googleplus&quot;,&quot;reddit&quot;,&quot;linkedin&quot;,&quot;xing&quot;,&quot;whatsapp&quot;,&quot;tumblr&quot;]\" data-theme=\"colored\" data-orientation=\"horizontal\" data-backend-url=\"https:\/\/en.qantara.de\/sites\/all\/libraries\/shariff-backend\" data-lang=\"en\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In &#8220;Capernaum&#8221;, Nadine Labaki tells the dismal story of Zain, a boy living on the streets of Beirut. She calls the system behind it &#8220;modern slavery&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[846,90,85,43,855,88,10],"tags":[1068,332],"class_list":["post-10514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cinema-gender","category-editor-selection","category-human-rights","category-human-rights-online-library","category-interviews","category-slider","category-world","tag-refugee-kids","tag-women-and-cinema","country-world","Documents-statements-multimedia"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10514"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10517,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10514\/revisions\/10517"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}