{"id":11056,"date":"2021-01-19T11:48:35","date_gmt":"2021-01-19T09:48:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/?p=11056"},"modified":"2021-02-15T14:40:19","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T12:40:19","slug":"afghan-leaders-sideline-spokesmen-in-an-escalating-misinformation-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/2021\/01\/afghan-leaders-sideline-spokesmen-in-an-escalating-misinformation-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Afghan Leaders Sideline Spokesmen in an Escalating Misinformation War"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/asia\/afghanistan-taliban-information-war.html\">The New York Times<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-vp77d3 epjyd6m0\">\n<div class=\"css-1baulvz\">\n<p class=\"css-4z5zii e1jsehar1\"><span class=\"byline-prefix\">By\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"css-brehiz e1jsehar0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/thomas-gibbons-neff\"><span class=\"css-1baulvz\">Thomas Gibbons-Neff<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<span class=\"css-1baulvz\">Fahim Abed<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"css-1baulvz last-byline\">Najim Rahim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><time class=\"css-ld3wwf e16638kd2\" datetime=\"2021-01-15T16:15:55-05:00\"><span class=\"css-1sbuyqj e16638kd3\">Published\u00a0Jan. 10, 2021<\/span><span class=\"css-233int e16638kd4\">Updated\u00a0Jan. 15, 2021<\/span><\/time><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Ghani administration and the Taliban are fighting a public-relations battle, with the government taking more drastic measures to control the flow of information.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"css-bsn42l\">\n<div style=\"width: 769px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-11cwn6f\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR01\/merlin_181128675_a8cac58e-947e-4722-a3d9-4092639fca4c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"auto, ((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR01\/merlin_181128675_a8cac58e-947e-4722-a3d9-4092639fca4c-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR01\/merlin_181128675_a8cac58e-947e-4722-a3d9-4092639fca4c-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR01\/merlin_181128675_a8cac58e-947e-4722-a3d9-4092639fca4c-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"The site of a rocket attack at a house in Kabul, Afghanistan, last month. The government has tightened the control of information on civilian deaths in recent attacks.\" width=\"759\" height=\"538\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">The site of a rocket attack at a house in Kabul, Afghanistan, last month. The government has tightened the control of information on civilian deaths in recent attacks.Credit&#8230;Omar Sobhani\/Reuters<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">KABUL, Afghanistan \u2014 After Ahmad Jawad Hijri saw the wounded children in the hospital and learned of the Afghan airstrike that put them there, killing nine others around their age in northern Afghanistan, he never expected that his response would land him in jail.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But Mr. Hijri, then the spokesman for the governor of Takhar Province, was arrested, imprisoned for three days and then fired after telling the news media what had happened \u2014 a standard part of his role which he had performed many times before. Top officials in Kabul insisted that only\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/01\/15\/world\/asia\/afghanistan-prisoner-exchange-taliban.html\">Taliban<\/a>\u00a0fighters had been killed in the strike, not children, and that anyone who said otherwise was to be prosecuted.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cAt the hospital I saw the wounded children,\u201d Mr. Hijri said. \u201cI did not make a mistake.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The war in Afghanistan has long been one of competing narratives. But the government\u2019s response to the Oct. 22 strike in Takhar Province signaled a shift in tactics by President Ashraf Ghani\u2019s administration: an overt declaration of its willingness to suppress and deny information on the deaths of innocent people. It also highlighted the changing political landscape as peace negotiations continue in Qatar and the Taliban move to take advantage of the attention they are attracting on the world stage.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The news briefings that defined the early years of the war as both sides jockeyed to win Afghan hearts and minds have nearly ceased. That leaves its main players \u2014 the United States, the Taliban and the government \u2014 all testing different communication strategies to achieve their desired ends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But with the Americans set to possibly withdraw from the country in the coming months, the Afghan government \u2014 inundated by Taliban attacks, slumping morale among its security forces and waves of targeted killings across the country \u2014 has only shrunk away from portraying itself as a bastion of democratic values.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 769px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/10afghan-info-war-1\/10afghan-info-war-1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"auto, ((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/10afghan-info-war-1\/10afghan-info-war-1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/10afghan-info-war-1\/10afghan-info-war-1-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/10afghan-info-war-1\/10afghan-info-war-1-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1810w\" alt=\"\u201cAt the hospital I saw the wounded children,\u201d said Ahmad Jawad Hijri. \u201cI did not make a mistake.\u201d\" width=\"759\" height=\"532\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cAt the hospital I saw the wounded children,\u201d said Ahmad Jawad Hijri. \u201cI did not make a mistake.\u201d Thomas Gibbons-Neff\/The New York Times<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The October airstrike, experts said, was a turning point for the Afghan government. Even the pretense of accountability shifted to outright condemnation of those going against the government\u2019s bottom line, probably because of a fear of losing public standing further.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The clampdown has only emboldened the Taliban, eager to prove themselves capable of leading Afghanistan better than the current leaders, who are increasingly losing credibility.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The Afghan government is \u201cso afraid of criticism, they are unwilling to admit to errors or hold themselves accountable,\u201d said Patricia Gossman, the associate Asia director for Human Rights Watch. \u201cIt\u2019s ultimately self-destructive, but they\u2019re desperate to control information.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Earlier in the war, the Afghan government was reticent about civilian casualties inflicted by the coalition or by Afghan forces, often pledging to investigate but offering results that were rarely publicized. But at the least the episodes were acknowledged, and local officials from areas where civilians were wounded or killed were allowed to speak about them freely.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The Taliban have used civilian deaths as a propaganda tool for the entirety of the war, pointing to U.S. and NATO airstrikes and night raids as glaring crimes against the Afghan people. And the Afghan and U.S. governments have often responded in turn by using the same tactic \u2014 exploiting civilian casualties \u2014 against the Taliban.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But as Western troops scaled back their presence, and Afghan forces leveled their own weapons against the insurgent group, the ensuing errant airstrikes and misguided artillery fire that have wounded and killed innocents have become an ever more powerful propaganda tool, this time leveled directly at the Afghan government.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 769px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR02\/merlin_178886976_673b1f3c-d534-4219-9563-36103b395715-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"auto, ((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR02\/merlin_178886976_673b1f3c-d534-4219-9563-36103b395715-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR02\/merlin_178886976_673b1f3c-d534-4219-9563-36103b395715-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR02\/merlin_178886976_673b1f3c-d534-4219-9563-36103b395715-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"An Afghan boy who was wounded in an airstrike getting treatment in October at a hospital in Takhar, Afghanistan.\" width=\"759\" height=\"426\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Afghan boy who was wounded in an airstrike getting treatment in October at a hospital in Takhar, Afghanistan. EPA, via Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">One such example involved photos of dead civilians and destroyed property posted to Twitter last week by a Taliban spokesman who highlighted them as war crimes committed by the Afghan and U.S. militaries. Such images are often catalysts for public outcry that aims both ways: blaming the government for an inability to protect its people and the Taliban for their unwavering commitment to violence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">As the Taliban have scaled up their propaganda distribution, the Afghan government has tightened the reins on official dialogue with the public. Since October, the Ghani administration has muzzled provincial spokesmen and district governors, demanding that they stop relaying information to the news media, several Afghan officials from multiple provinces told The Times, especially relating to civilian casualties.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The crackdown has prompted fears among provincial spokesmen that they could lose their jobs or face arrest. One spokesman, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said that journalists often had to wait hours or days to hear from the provincial governors because their spokesmen were not allowed to respond.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">American officials and members of Mr. Ghani\u2019s administration attributed the clampdown to a lack of coordination between local and national agencies and said that the provincial spokesmen were barred from talking only about security issues.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Sediq Seddiqi, Mr. Ghani\u2019s spokesman, denied that the government was trying to limit information, saying that the Afghan government has \u201cbeen a pioneer in supporting our vibrant media and the enforcement of access to information laws which are unprecedented in the region.\u201d<button class=\"css-1vkv6l7 ehw59r10\" aria-label=\"Expand image captioned President Ashraf Ghani in Kandahar, Afghanistan, last month. His government suppresses and denies\u00a0 information on innocent people\u2019s deaths.\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-expand-button\"><\/button><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 769px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"auto, ((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR03-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"President Ashraf Ghani in Kandahar, Afghanistan, last month. His government suppresses and denies\u00a0 information on innocent people\u2019s deaths.\" width=\"759\" height=\"443\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Ashraf Ghani in Kandahar, Afghanistan, last month. His government suppresses and denies\u00a0 information on innocent people\u2019s deaths.Credit&#8230;M Sadiq\/EPA, via Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Ultimately, the Afghan government\u2019s decision to stifle information at the local level means that the Taliban have more space to control the narrative in the country\u2019s districts where they are present but that Afghan officials have greater command over the national narrative, a former U.S. official said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">This dynamic played out on Sunday in southern Afghanistan. Local officials in Nimruz Province claimed an Afghan airstrike there killed at least a dozen civilians a day earlier, only to have the governor later say that 12 Taliban had been killed and that a report of civilian casualties was being investigated. That same day, protesters took the remains of those killedto the provincial capital, saying women and children were among the dead.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The repression of information has been a boon for the Taliban, an insurgent group that once banned televisions and rarely talked to reporters. Their Feb. 29 agreement with the United States on a timetable for withdrawal, experts say, helped legitimize the group on an international level, prompting the Taliban\u2019s public relation apparatus to grow considerably.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Taliban opinion pieces written in English are often posted now on the group\u2019s website, Voice of Jihad, and sometimes appear in international news media outlets, including the\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/02\/20\/opinion\/taliban-afghanistan-war-haqqani.html\">Op-Ed page of The New York Times<\/a>. Local Afghan news outlets post statements from Taliban spokesmen on social media, much as they would Afghan officials. It\u2019s a far cry from a decade ago, when the Taliban\u2019s messaging was often dismissed as lies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The Taliban often lie about death tolls in their attacks, denying civilian casualties and at times blaming coalition forces for them. The group has denied taking any role in the recent string of targeted killings across the country, despite being directly implicated by the U.S. military and Afghan security officials.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR04\/merlin_172428954_d32304d7-3d4e-44fa-8a87-2e8a021e191f-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"auto, ((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR04\/merlin_172428954_d32304d7-3d4e-44fa-8a87-2e8a021e191f-articleLarge.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR04\/merlin_172428954_d32304d7-3d4e-44fa-8a87-2e8a021e191f-jumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2021\/01\/10\/world\/00AFGHAN-INFO-WAR04\/merlin_172428954_d32304d7-3d4e-44fa-8a87-2e8a021e191f-superJumbo.jpg?quality=90&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"U.S. Special Operation forces at the scene of an attack in Kabul last May. The Americans may be set to withdraw from Afghanistan in the coming months.\" width=\"759\" height=\"506\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">U.S. Special Operation forces at the scene of an attack in Kabul last May. The Americans may be set to withdraw from Afghanistan in the coming months.Credit&#8230;Jim Huylebroek for The New York Times<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1fanzo5 StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Zabihullah Mujahid, the chief Taliban spokesman, said that their media strategy was focused on \u201csharing the truth for the people.\u201d In reality, the group has two lines of effort: one supporting the peace talks and the other discrediting the Afghan government on the battlefield and supporting Taliban fighters.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">To help counter the Taliban\u2019s narrative, the United States started a small psychological operations unit called the Information Warfare Task Force-Afghanistan, according to U.S. military officials. The shadowy outfit was formed at the request of Gen. Austin S. Miller, the commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, in the wake of the 2018\u00a0<a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/02\/world\/asia\/taliban-attack-raziq-alliance.html\">killing of Gen. Abdul Raziq<\/a>, the police chief of Kandahar. After his death in an insider attack, rumors quickly attributed his killing instead to the Americans.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">By combining cybertools, intercepted communications and social media, the unit acts as an immediate counter to disrupt messaging and information channels of the Taliban and terrorist groups in the country, officials said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Mr. Hijri, the former provincial spokesman, still refuses to cover up the civilian casualties he saw on Oct. 22. An Afghan Independent Human Rights commission report backed up his assertions on the episode, saying that an Afghan government airstrike had killed nine children, aged 7 to 13, and wounded more than 14 others. Taliban fighters were also hurt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cI am amid two stones: One side is the Taliban and from another side is the government,\u201d Mr. Hijri said. \u201cNow my fate is not clear.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The New York Times By\u00a0Thomas Gibbons-Neff,\u00a0Fahim Abed\u00a0and\u00a0Najim Rahim Published\u00a0Jan. 10, 2021Updated\u00a0Jan. 15, 2021 The Ghani administration and the Taliban are fighting a public-relations battle, with the government taking more drastic measures to control the flow [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":11057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,797,19,90,16,5,85,11,88,12,15],"tags":[143,100,533],"class_list":["post-11056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afghanistan","category-central-asia","category-citizens-and-civil-society","category-editor-selection","category-expert-narratives","category-geography","category-human-rights","category-issues","category-slider","category-transitional-justice-and-peace","category-victims-narratives","tag-transitional-justice","tag-war","tag-war-crimes","country-afghanistan","Documents-conventions"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11056"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11152,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11056\/revisions\/11152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openasia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}