Academic Sources

The ongoing international military withdrawal from Afghanistan has set the stage for energising the activities of Afghanistan’s external stakeholders to re-evaluate their activities. The possible return of the Taliban in some form could compel Afghanistan’s current external partners—Iran, India and Russia—to turn into limited spoilers.

With the time frame around the transition of Allied military and security operations to the Government of Afghanistan looking more and more uncertain, difficult questions persist; Have the Allied Forces achieved what they set out to do and what legacy will they leave?